1. TGV technology

TGV is an abbreviation of the French word le train a grande vittesse, which translates to high-speed train。The original TGV train was the TGV001。Powered by a gas turbine engine, it set a world record speed of 318 km/h on November 8, 1972。The first electrified TGV train was launched in 1981, and it was famous for its orange color。In 1990, it was 515.The speed of 3 km/h is a worthy world champion, until recent years no maglev train surpassed it。TGV is a symbol of French high technology and has become a French export technology。The main operating lines are France's TGV;Eurostar for France, Britain and Belgium;Thalys of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany;AVE in Spain;KTX in Korea and ACELA in the United States。

2. Shinkansen technology

Shinkansen is Japan's high-speed railway passenger dedicated line system, known as the "bullet train"。The Shinkansen began service in 1964, just before the Tokyo Olympics, with the Tokaido Shinkansen linking Tokyo and Shin-Osaka。It is also the first high-speed rail system in the world to carry passengers。Taiwan's high-speed railway, which began operation on 1 February 2007, is based on the Shinkansen system and is the first time that Shinkansen technology has been exported overseas。2007年初，以E2系1000番台新干线列车为基础的和谐号CRH2型电车于中国大陆开始营运，并做出了部分技术转移。The main operating lines are Japan's Shinkansen;Taiwan High Speed Rail in Taiwan and CRH2 (E2-1000) in China

3. Tilting train technology

A pendulum train (also known as a tilting train, pendulum train, rocking train, vibrating train) is a train whose body can swing sideways when turning。Compared with ordinary trains, pendulum trains travel at higher speeds through ordinary curves, which can save travel time。It uses new suspension, steering and accelerometers to increase the train's speed by a third。For more than a decade, pendulum train technology has developed rapidly, and it is now operating in continental Europe, Fiat's pendulum train shuttles in Italy, Germany, Finland, Spain, the Czech Republic and other countries, and Britain and Sweden have also begun to put their own pendulum train into operation。The main operating lines are Italy, Finland, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, the United Kingdom Pendolino;Sweden: X2000;ICN of Switzerland;Eurostar Italia, Italy and Switzerland;Acela in the US;Canada's LRC and Japan's 800 series Shinkansen, N700 series Shinkansen, E5 series, E6 series Shinkansen。

4. ICE technology

The German high-speed railway, known as ICE, stands for Inter City Express(high-speed Intercity train)。ICE1 is the first generation of ICE, built in 1991。Operating in Germany with two locomotives with 10-12 cars on the line connecting Switzerland and Austria, there are currently about 60 ICE1 trains in operation at speeds of more than 280 km/h。In the 1980s, Germany developed the ICE high-speed rail system, which covers not only major cities in Germany, but also many cities in neighboring countries。So far, Germany's ICE technology, whether it is locomotive manufacturing, or the railway itself, its unique technology and exquisite craftsmanship can be comparable to the Japanese and French high-speed railways。The main operating lines are German people ICE (Intercity Express);Intercity Express (ICE) in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria and CRH3 (ICE 3/ Velaro E) in China

5. Talgo technique

In April 1998, Spanish Railways decided to independently innovate and develop a new generation of high-speed trains on the basis of the introduction of French TGV high-speed train technology, in order to put into operation after the opening of the new high-speed line between Madrid and Barcelona。On the basis of technical cooperation with Bombardier，Talgo is responsible for the overall design and system integration，After three years of research，The first prototype was successfully developed in 2001，In the same year, various performance tests were successfully carried out on the Madrid-Seville high-speed railway line，The maximum test speed is 359 km/h。After years of operation assessment and improvement, Talgo-350 high-speed train has become a famous brand of 350 km/h high-speed train。The main line is Talgo350 in Spain。

6. Magnetic levitation technology

Maglev trains use the principle of "same sex repulsion, opposite sex attract", so that the magnet has the ability to resist gravity, so that the car body completely off the track, suspended in the distance of about 1 cm from the track, flying in the air, creating a near "zero height" space flight miracle。Maglev trains have many advantages: The train floats above the tracks，The rail does not touch the vehicle，It not only runs fast，It can exceed 500 km/h，It also runs smoothly and comfortably，Easy to realize automatic control;noiseless，No harmful exhaust gas is discharged，Conducive to environmental protection;Can save construction funds;Low operating, maintenance and energy costs。It is the ideal super special express in the 21st century, and countries all over the world attach great importance to the development of maglev trains。The main lines in operation are the Shanghai Maglev train in China and the Chuo Shinkansen in Japan (Tokyo-Osaka, under planning).

1. German ICE

The full name of the German ICE high-speed rail is Inter City Express, that is, inter-city express。It is designed and manufactured by a development team led by Siemens and operated by Deutsche Bahn AG。It is a high-speed railway system and special train series for high-speed railway centered in Germany。The German ICE high-speed rail is a means of transportation that connects cities and solves the transportation of people and goods. It connects more than 130 cities of all sizes in Germany and plays an extremely important role in the exchanges and exchanges of people and information, as well as economic construction。Germany's high-speed railway, one is the Mannheim-Stuttgart line opened to traffic in June 1991;One is the Hanover - Wurzburg line, completed in 1992。Since then, high-speed rail in Germany has developed rapidly, with four high-speed rail lines opened in 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2007。

2. AVE bullet train in Spain

The Spanish high-speed train abbreviated AVE (meaning "bird"), mainly using French TGV technology, can reach a top speed of 300 km/h。Spain's high-speed railway mileage of 2056 kilometers ranks first in Europe, in April 1992, Spain opened a high-speed railway from Madrid to Seville on the eve of the Barcelona Olympic Games, catching up with the development pace of high-speed transport in the world。The main high-speed rail lines in Spain are: Alaris, Alvia, Anant and Euromed。The Shinkansen lines under construction and planned are: Madrid - Barcelona - Southwest France, Zaragoza - Bilbao, Logrono - Southwest France, Madrid - Lisbon, Portugal。The old lines to be transformed include Madrid-Valencia, Madrid-Leon, Vali Adorid-Logronio, Sevilla-Verfa, Sevilla-Cadiz, and so on。After the new construction and reconstruction, the Spanish railway will form a modern high-speed network, which will be among the advanced railways in the world。

3. High-speed rail in Italy

The first high-speed line in Italy was the Rome to Florence line, built in 1992。In 1994, the high-speed rail network project was officially started, and four railways were upgraded successively, including the Milan-Bologna section, the Roman-Naples section, the Bologna-Florence section and the Florence-Rome section, marking the completion of the Italian high-speed rail network plan。The Turin-Bologna high-speed railway was completed in 2000, the Milan-Venice high-speed railway in 2001, and the Milan-Genoa high-speed railway in 2003。The Italian high-speed railway adopts the latest ETR500 high-speed train, known as the "Italian star of Europe".。  

4. South Korea "KTX" high-speed train

South Korea's high-speed railway became KTX, that is, Korea Train Express, was built in 1994, after the Asian financial crisis, South Korea's economic development after the recovery,KTX was quickly built。The KTX uses the French TGV-A push-pull high-speed train, a total of 46 units, of which 12 units are manufactured in Alstom, France, and the remaining 34 units are manufactured in South Korea。Known as "one of the world's top ten trains"。Its chosen route is just in the central hinterland of the most developed economy of South Korea, one is the capital of South Korea with a population of more than 12 million, but also the political, economic, cultural, commercial center of Seoul;At the other end is Busan, South Korea's largest port and second largest city。It was officially opened on 1 April 2004。

5. China Taiwan "THSR" high-speed rail

China Taiwan Express Railway is a high-speed railway system connecting Taiwan's Taipei and Kaohsiung cities, running through the west coast of Taiwan, starting from Taipei, through Banqiao, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi, Tainan and Kaohsiung, with a total length of 345 kilometers。The high-speed train uses Japanese Shinkansen technology and has a maximum operating speed of 315 km/h。The Taiwan High-speed Railway Project was launched in 1998 and officially opened to traffic on March 2,2007。Taiwan's high-speed trains are based on the Japanese Shinkansen system, which is the first time the Shinkansen system has been exported overseas。

6. High-speed rail in Turkey

Turkey has been building high-speed rail since 2003。One is a 553-kilometre line from Istanbul to the capital Ankara via Eskisehir, which began operations in 2007。Another line, the Ankara-Konya line, was started in 2006。Several other lines connecting the metropolises have been planned and will be built over the next few years。On January 17, 2014, the main project of the second phase of the high-speed railway between Ankara and Istanbul was completed by China。

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